Date of Flag
Additional states with date of entry into Union
13 stars - 1777 to 1795Delaware (December 7, 1787)
Pennsylvania (December 12, 1787)
New Jersey (December 18, 1787)
Georgia (January 2, 1788)
Connecticut (January 9, 1788)
Massachusetts (February 6, 1788)
Maryland (April 28, 1788)
South Carolina (May 23, 1788)
New Hampshire (June 21, 1788)
Virginia (June 25, 1788)
New York (July 26, 1788)
North Carolina (November 21, 1789)
Rhode Island (May 29, 1790)
15 stars - 1795 to 1818Vermont (March 4, 1791)
Kentucky (June 1, 1792)
20 stars - 1818 to July 3, 1819Tennessee (June 1, 1796)
Ohio (March 1, 1803)
Louisiana (April 30, 1812)
Indiana (December 11, 1816)
Mississippi (December 10, 1817)
21 stars - July 4, 1819 to July 3, 1820Illinois (December 3, 1818)
23 stars - July 4, 1820 to July 3, 1822Alabama (December 14, 1819)
Maine (March 15, 1820)
24 stars - July 4, 1822 to July 3, 1836Missouri (August 10, 1821)
25 stars - July 4, 1836 to July 3, 1837Arkansas (June 15, 1836)
26 stars - July 4, 1837 to July 3, 1845Michigan (Jan 26, 1837)
Florida (March 3, 1845)
28 stars - July 4, 1846 to July 3, 1847Texas (December 29, 1845)
29 stars - July 4, 1847 to July 3, 1848Iowa (December 28, 1846)
30 stars - July 4, 1848 to July 3, 1851Wisconsin (May 29, 1848)
31 stars - July 4, 1851 to July 3, 1858California (September 9, 1850)
32 stars - July 4, 1858 to July 3, 1859Minnesota (May 11, 1858)
33 stars - July 4, 1859 to July 3, 1861Oregon (February 14, 1859)
34 stars - July 4, 1861 to July 3, 1863Kansas (January 29, 1861)
35 stars - July 4, 1863 to July 3, 1865West Virginia (June 20, 1863)
36 stars - July 4, 1865 to July 3, 1867Nevada (October 31, 1864)
37 stars - July 4, 1867 to July 3, 1877Nebraska (March 1, 1867)
38 stars - July 4, 1877 to July 3, 1890Colorado (August 1, 1876)
43 stars - July 4, 1890 to July 3, 1891North Dakota (November 2, 1889)
South Dakota (November 2, 1889)
Montana (November 8, 1889)
Washington (November 11, 1889)
Idaho (July 3, 1890)
44 stars - July 4, 1891 to July 3, 1896Wyoming (July 10, 1890)
45 stars - July 4, 1896 to July 3, 1908Utah (January 4, 1896)
46 stars - July 4, 1908 to July 3, 1912Oklahoma (November 16, 1907)
48 stars - July 4, 1912 to July 3, 1959New Mexico (January 6, 1912)
Arizona (February 14, 1912)
49 stars - July 4, 1959 to July 3, 1960Alaska (January 3, 1959)
50 stars - July 4, 1960 to presentHawaii (August 21, 1959)
The Flag of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is rectangular in shape and consists of five alternating horizontal stripes, three red and two white, with an isosceles triangle with a five-pointed white star in the center based on the hoist side. The three red stripes represent the blood that nourishes the three branches of government, the two white stripes represent individual liberty and the rights of man which maintain the balance among the three branches of government. The white star represents the Commonwealth, the blue triangle represents the sky and the ocean, and the three sides of the triangle represent the three branches of the Commonwealth's republican form of government. The flag's design is based on the Cuban flag with the red and blue colors inverted. The shade of blue used for the triangle depends on who is asked. One may see flags with the dark blue, such as the flag displayed, a sky blue ("azul celeste") or royal blue triangle. There is no "official" shade of blue.
There are three versions of the origin of the Flag of Puerto Rico. It appears to be undisputed that the flag was presented on December 22, 1895 at Chimney Hall in New York by Juan de Mata Terreforte, a veteran of the "Grito de Lares," to a group of 59 Puerto Rican exiles who comprised the Puerto Rican section of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. Nevertheless, the identity of the person who proposed that the new Flag of Puerto Rico be similar to the Cuban flag with inverted colors is open to question.
It is said, however, that the true shade of blue of the flag's triangle is dark (Navy) blue. Red, white and dark blue are characteristic of the republican national colors (flags) in Europe during the 19th century, influenced by the tri-color of the First French Republic. The tri-color was in turn influenced by the colors of the newly established Republic of the United States. The Cuban flag was designed in New York by General Narciso López for his failed invasion of Cuba in 1851, the purpose of which was to annex Cuba to the United States. The blue on that flag was a dark shade. This first Cuban flag with the dark blue stripes was adopted by the Constitutional Assembly which proclaimed the Armed Republic of Cuba in Camagüey in 1869. José Martí used the same flag as the flag of the Cuban Revolutionary Party in 1892. Eventually, that flag was designated as the official flag of Cuba in 1903. The blue in all those Cuban flags was Navy blue, so it stands to reason that when the flag of Puerto Rico was adopted in 1895 (with the colors of the Cuban flag inverted) the triangle's shade of blue was dark (Navy).
Some suggest, based on correspondence between Terreforte and Domingo Collazo, a member of the Club Borínquen, affiliated with the Cuban Revolutionary Party, that the idea of inverting the colors of the Cuban flag for the Flag of Puerto Rico came from Francisco Gonzalo ("Pachín") Marín. Others claim that the idea came to Antonio Vélez-Alvarado, who wrote that "the colors appeared inverted before my eyes . . . on June 11, 1890 or 1891," and that it "immediately it occurred to me that with those colors of the Cuban flag, inverted as I had seen them, the Flag of Puerto Rico could be fashioned." Still another version is that Manuel Besosa, one of the directors of the Puerto Rican section of the Cuban Revolutionary Party, was the person who proposed that the Flag of Puerto Rico be modeled after the Cuban flag, with colors inverted, when Terreforte’s proposal that the Flag of Betances (Grito de Lares Flag) be adopted as the Flag of Puerto Rico was defeated by vote of the members of the Directorate of the Puerto Rican section.
The members of the Directorate then requested that Besosa create an inverted colors flag to be presented to the members of the Puerto Rican section. He in turn asked his daughter, María Manuela ("Mima") Besosa, to sew the flag. It was this small (8-inch by 5-inch) flag that Terreforte presented at Chimney Hall on December 22, 1895 and there adopted unanimously by the Puerto Rican exiles as the Flag of Puerto Rico.