Medically Reviewed by Jennifer Robinson, MD on November 19, 2022 Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that’s triggered when you eat gluten. It’s also known as celiac sprue, nontropical sprue, or gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Gluten is a protein in wheat, barley, rye, and other
grains. It’s what makes dough elastic and gives bread its chewy texture. When someone with celiac disease eats something with gluten, their body overreacts to the protein and damages their villi, small finger-like projections found along the wall of their small intestine. When your villi are injured, your small intestine can’t properly absorb nutrients from food.
Eventually, this can lead to malnourishment, as well as loss of bone density, miscarriage, infertility or even neurological diseases or certain cancers. If your celiac disease isn’t better after at least a year without gluten, it’s called refractory or nonresponsive celiac disease. Most people with celiac disease never know that they have it. Researchers think that
as few as 20% of people with the disease get the right diagnosis. The damage to your intestine is very slow, and symptoms are so varied that it can take years to get a diagnosis. Celiac disease isn’t the same thing as gluten intolerance or gluten sensitivity. People with gluten intolerance may have some of the same symptoms and may want to avoid gluten. But they
don’t show an immune response or damage to the small intestine. Celiac disease isn’t the same thing as a food allergy, so the symptoms are different. If you’re allergic to wheat but eat something with wheat in it, you may have itchy or watery eyes or a hard time breathing. Celiac disease symptoms in adults If you have celiac disease and accidentally eat something with gluten in it, you may have symptoms including: Celiac disease can also cause a loss of bone density and reduced spleen function (hyposplenism). Celiac disease symptoms in children Children with celiac disease are more likely to have intestinal problems, including:
If celiac disease keeps a child’s body from absorbing the nutrients they need, they can have problems including:
Not everyone with celiac disease will have these symptoms. Some people don’t notice any problems, which can make diagnosis difficult. Celiac rash (dermatitis herpetiformis) About 1 in 4 people with celiac disease get an itchy, blistering rash. It happens more in adults than children, and more in men than women. It’s most common in these areas:
Celiac Disease Causes and Risk FactorsResearch hasn’t found a definite cause of celiac disease. It tends to run in families and might be linked to certain genes. Stressful medical events such as a viral infection or surgery can trigger it. So can emotional trauma or pregnancy. If one of your close family members has it, like a parent or sibling, you have a 1 in 10 chance of getting celiac disease. The disease is most common among Caucasians and people who have other diseases, including:
Celiac Disease ComplicationsCeliac disease can be dangerous if you don’t get treatment. Complications may include:
Doctors use blood tests and other tests
to help find out if you have celiac disease: If you're on a gluten-free diet, you'll need to come off it before having the antibody test so the results will be correct. If blood and other tests show that you might have celiac disease, you’ll probably
need to have an endoscopy. This procedure lets your doctor look at your small intestine and take a bit of tissue to see whether it’s damaged. If you have a rash, doctors will take a small sample of your
skin to look for signs it’s caused by celiac disease. This rash is easy to confuse with other skin problems. No
drugs treat celiac disease. The best thing you can do is change your diet. Unless they’re labeled as gluten-free, don’t eat foods that are typically made with grains, including:
These grains always have gluten:
People with celiac disease need to check labels carefully. Many processed foods sometimes have gluten:
These foods are always gluten-free:
Gluten-free starches and grains include:
Common products like medications and toothpastes can also contain gluten, so it’s important to check the label. If you have a serious lack of nutrients, your doctor may have you take gluten-free vitamins and mineral supplements and will give you medication if you have a skin rash. After you’ve been on a gluten-free diet for a few weeks, your small intestine should begin to heal, and you’ll start to feel better. What can be mistaken for celiac disease?Celiac disease is often confused with chronic fatigue syndrome, anemia, Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, dermatological conditions, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, common intestinal tract infections, and anxiety.
Where do you feel pain with celiac?Celiac disease can be painful. Some common pain symptoms are: Stomach pain or swelling (bloating) that keeps coming back. Muscle cramps or bone pain.
How does celiac disease make you feel?People with celiac disease might experience symptoms like diarrhea, bloating, gas, anemia and growth issues. Celiac disease can be triggered by a protein called gluten. Gluten is found in grains, like wheat, barley and rye. Changing your diet to avoid gluten often helps relieve your symptoms.
What triggers celiac disease later in life?Celiac disease can develop at any age after people start eating foods or medications that contain gluten. The later the age of celiac disease diagnosis, the greater the chance of developing another autoimmune disorder.
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