What does adonai mean in the bible

  • Questions

  • Jon Tretsven
  • February 7, 2022

You have asked a great question! We’ve all got questions, and we are glad you are here. So what does Adonai mean? Let’s dive in and and find out.

Adonai Definition

Adonai is an Old Testament name for the God of Israel that translators converted to Lord in most English Bibles. The letters after the capital L are in lower case to differentiate the word Adonai from the word Yahweh, written as LORD in English Bibles. Yahweh is God’s personal Name and only refers to God: 

‘Then Moses said to God, “Behold, I am going to the sons of Israel, and I will say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you.’ Now they may say to me, ‘What is His name?’ What shall I say to them?” God said to Moses, “[g]I AM WHO I AM”; and He said, “Thus you shall say to the sons of Israel, ‘[I]I AM has sent me to you (Exodus 3:14-15).’” 

Elohim

Elohim is another Hebrew word commonly used to refer to God. It’s basic meaning is mighty one. This word, like Adonai, can also refer to men or angels. The Bible writer used Elohim to refer to God in the first verse of the Bible: “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”

The basic thought behind the word Adonai is that of ruler or master.

This word denotes God but can also refer to humans. In Genesis 18:12 Sarah applies it to her husband Abraham when she’s told she’ll give birth to a son, Isaac, at the age of ninety: “Sarah laughed to herself, saying, “After I have become old, shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?”

Abraham’s slave also used Adonai to refer to his master: “So the servant placed his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master, and swore to him concerning this matter (Genesis 24:9).”

In the New Testament the Greek word Kurios is the word translated Lord. It means someone who has control over someone. In the Old Testament translated into Greek, the LXX (the Old Testament translated into Greek circa 200 BC), Kurios translated both the words Adonai and Yahweh.

What Does Adonai Mean?

So, Adonai is the Hebrew word used sometimes of God and sometimes to refer to humans who are in some way their ruler or master.

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What does adonai mean in the bible

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Jon Tretsven

Jon Tretsven is a 30 year (retired) employee of the State of Minnesota, and a graduate of Dallas Bible College with a double major in Biblical Studies. He has worked for the last 18 years as a Course Writer for BEEWorld and currently iTEE Mission, and now writes for Cuurio as well.

1 Now there was a Pharisee, a man named Nicodemus who was a member of the Jewish ruling council.

2 He came to Jesus at night and said, “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs you are doing if God were not with him.”

3 Jesus replied, “Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again.”

4 “How can someone be born when they are old?” Nicodemus asked. “Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother’s womb to be born!”

5 Jesus answered, “Very truly I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit.

6 Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit gives birth to spirit.

7 You should not be surprised at my saying, ‘You must be born again.’

8 The wind blows wherever it pleases. You hear its sound, but you cannot tell where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone born of the Spirit.”

9 “How can this be?” Nicodemus asked.

10 “You are Israel’s teacher,” said Jesus, “and do you not understand these things?

What is the difference between Adonai and Yahweh?

Since pronouncing YHWH is considered sinful, Jews use Adonai instead in prayers, and colloquially would use Hashem (The Name). When the Masoretes added vowel pointings to the text of the Hebrew Bible in the first century CE, they gave the word YHWH the vowels of Adonai, to remind the reader to say Adonai instead.

What does Adoni mean in Hebrew?

Adonai is the plural of the Hebrew word Adon, which means “lord” or “master.” It was first used as God's title before it was used as God's name.

What is the power of Adonai?

Adonai means ruler, master, and it conveys a sense of ownership. Adonai is the owner, master, and supreme authority over each member of the human family, and asks for our obedience.

What does the Bible say about Adonai?

Just as Elohim meant that our God is the God of gods, the Elohim of elohims, Adonai means that He is Lord of lords, Master of masters, King of kings— Adonai of adon. When we call God “Adonai,” we are calling Him our Master and ourselves His servants, or more accurately, His slaves.