Borderline personality and bipolar: These two disorders are often confused. They both have symptoms of impulsiveness and mood swings. But they are different disorders and have different treatments. Also known as manic depression,
bipolar disorder causes swings in mood, energy, and the ability to function throughout the day. Symptoms: Bipolar disorder is defined by alternating periods of depression
and mania that can last from days to months. Unlike borderline personality disorder, the mood swings of bipolar disorder are not triggered by interpersonal conflicts, last for days to weeks or months rather than minutes to hours, and episodes are, by definition, accompanied by changes in sleep, energy, speech, and thinking During times of mania, symptoms might include: During periods of
depression, symptoms might include: Treatment: Most people with bipolar disorder need lifelong treatment to keep their condition managed. This usually includes medicine -- usually mood stabilizers, and sometimes also antipsychotics or
antidepressants. Therapy can also help people with bipolar disorder understand it and develop skills to handle it. Borderline personality disorder involves a
longstanding pattern of abrupt, moment-to-moment swings -- in moods, relationships, self-image, and behavior (in contrast to distinct episodes of mania or depression in people with bipolar disorder) that are usually triggered by conflicts in interactions with other people. People with borderline personality disorder can experience overly strong emotional responses to upsetting life events and
often try to hurt themselves. They often have chaotic relationships with people. People with borderline personality disorder are more likely to have other mental health problems, too. They are also more likely to have had some type of trauma as a child than people with bipolar disorder, although trauma in itself does not cause borderline personality disorder. They often also can have problems with
addictions, eating disorders, body image, and anxiety. Symptoms: A person with borderline personality disorder has trouble controlling their thoughts and managing their feelings, and often has impulsive and reckless behavior. Here are the condition's main symptoms: Treatment:
Long-term treatment is usually necessary for people with borderline personality disorder. Treatment mainly involves specific forms of psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) or transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) aimed at helping people manage impulses (such as suicidal urges or tendencies to self-harm when they feel upset), feelings of distress or anger, and emotional oversensitivity to interactions with other people. Medications are also sometimes used
to help with these symptoms, although they are not always effective and not considered to be the main focus of treatment in borderline personality disorder. Sometimes, short hospital stays are also needed to manage times of crisis that involve threats to safety and well-being. A split personality refers to dissociative identity disorder (DID), a mental disorder where a person has two or more distinct personalities. The thoughts, actions, and behaviors of each personality may be completely different. Trauma often causes this condition, particularly during childhood. While there is no defined cure for DID, long-term treatment may help people combine their personalities into one. This article discusses split personality disorder, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and more.
A split personality is a popular term for DID. In the past, DID was known as multiple personality disorder. People with DID have two or more distinct personalities. They do not present as simple changes in traits or moods. A person with DID expresses significant differences between these alternate identities, which can also be referred to as alters. Often, these personalities are completely different from each other. These fragmented personalities take control of the person’s identity for some time. A person also maintains their primary or host identity, which is their original personality, and will answer to their given name. Their primary identity is generally more passive, and they may be unaware of the other personalities. When a personality change happens, the new personality will have a distinct history, a new identity, and different behaviors. These split personalities, or alters, often have their own distinct:
A new personality will see themselves differently. For instance, someone assigned male at birth may have an alternate identity as a woman. They may experience themselves with female biological sex characteristics. The shift between these personalities tends to occur when a person faces a certain stressor or trigger. The exact cause of DID is not fully understood. However, there is a strong link between the condition and trauma. This may be particularly true for trauma or abuse during childhood. In Europe, the United States, and Canada, 90% of people who experience DID are victims of severe trauma in childhood. The condition represents someone who struggles to integrate and assimilate certain aspects of their own identity, which become disjointed over time. The signs of DID may vary, but they include a change between two or more separate personalities. Symptoms include:
When these other personalities take over, they often talk with a different vocabulary, and gesture differently. In some cases, one personality may also pick up certain habits that the other does not, such as smoking, or becoming violent. In the shift from one personality to another, a person may experience other symptoms. Some people can have anxiety, as they may be afraid of the personality change. Some may become very angry or violent. Others may not notice or remember these transitions at all, although another person may notice them. Specific personalities may appear in response to certain situations. These symptoms can cause a person significant distress, and disrupt their ability to live their life normally. Other symptoms may include:
A person with DID may also experience symptoms of other conditions, such as self-harm. One study notes that more than 70% of people with DID have attempted suicide. Trauma often triggers DID as a psychological response, so it is a strong risk factor, especially in childhood. This trauma can stem from:
In some cases, a child may not experience a clear form of abuse, but may not grow up in a safe home environment. For example, they may live with highly unpredictable parents, and start to dissociate in response to the stress that comes with this. Dissociative identity disorder may appear alongside other disorders. This means that several mental health disorders could arise from the same cause. Other common disorders that can occur alongside DID include:
It takes time to diagnose DID. Misdiagnosis is common, and doctors need to observe a person’s symptoms, and dismiss other conditions. To properly make a diagnosis, doctors need to see the different personalities and how they affect the person. Time is also an important factor in seeing the full scale of the symptoms. This is because people who seek help for DID commonly present with symptoms linked to other mental health conditions. Additionally, as DID often occurs alongside other disorders, doctors need to rule out the symptoms of other conditions before they make a diagnosis. As such, they may prescribe therapies or medications to treat these conditions first. There are no guidelines on how to treat DID. Doctors often prescribe treatments on a case-by-case basis. No specific medication exists for DID. Treatment plans manage any conditions that occur alongside DID, and they can combine psychotherapy, with any necessary drugs to help with symptoms. PsychotherapyPsychotherapy, or talk therapy, is the main treatment for people with DID. Techniques, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, may help a person work through and learn to accept the triggers that cause personality shifts. In DID, psychotherapy aims to help integrate a person’s identity and learn to cope with post-traumatic experiences. Other therapiesArt therapy, movement therapy, and relaxation techniques may all have a place in the treatment of DID. These methods may help people connect aspects of their mind in a low-stress environment. Childhood trauma is often the cause of split personality disorder, now referred to as DID. A person will subconsciously create other personalities to handle certain aspects of themselves and their traumas, without which they cannot cope. There is no specific cure for DID. However, many people can help manage their symptoms and work to integrate their identities through regular psychotherapy. They can also ease any other symptoms with medication. Read this article in Spanish. Is borderline personality disorder and multiple personality disorder the same?BPD and MPD/DID are indeed two distinct conditions, not two parts of the same supra- ordinate disorder.
Is borderline personality disorder a form of multiple personality disorder?It is postulated that some patients with multiple personality may be a subset of borderlines, in whom the splitting of self and object representations is so severe that the disparate representations are partitioned and manifested in different "personalities." The importance of preoedipal, as opposed to oedipal, ...
What is the difference between borderline personality and split personality?Summary. BPD splitting is a symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in which a person sees everything as black or white, good or bad, or best or worst. Splitting is a defense mechanism used to deal with emotions (such as the fear of abandonment) that a person with BPD cannot handle.
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What is the difference between borderline personality disorder and multiple personality disorder
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