Foods to eat when recovering from stomach bug

ONALASKA, Wis. — Viral gastroenteritis, also known as the stomach bug, is an intestinal infection marked by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever. It is often called the stomach flu, but it is not actually the flu, or influenza, which is a respiratory illness. Often this infection is developed though contact with an infected person, or by ingesting contaminated food or water.

"An upset stomach is a common symptom of a stomach bug, and this can make eating sound unappealing, even though you may be hungry," says Shelly Frischmann, a family medicine nurse practitioner at Mayo Clinic Health System in Onalaska. "Knowing what to eat is difficult because you don't always know what's going to agree with your stomach."

Frischmann recommends these tips for fueling your body when you have the stomach flu:

1. Let your stomach settle.
   Avoid solid foods for a few hours and stick with liquids.
2. Hydrate.
   Try drinking clear soda, clear broths or noncaffeinated sports drinks in small but frequent amounts to stay hydrated.
3. Ease back into eating.
   Gradually incorporate bland, easy-to-digest foods into your system, but be sure to back off if your nausea returns.
4. Avoid certain foods until you feel better.
   These foods include dairy products; alcohol; caffeine; nicotine; and fatty, spicy or highly seasoned foods.
5. Be cautious with medications.
   "It's best to use medications such as ibuprofen with food and sparingly, if at all, as they can cause an upset stomach," Frischmann advises. "It's best to discuss which medications you are using with a doctor to avoid any potential side effects."

Foods to eat are clear broths, crackers, toast, gelatin, bananas, rice and chicken. Foods to avoid are alcohol, caffeinated beverages, dairy products and processed foods.

"The main complication of a stomach bug is dehydration — a severe loss of water, and essential salts and minerals. If you're healthy and drink enough to replace fluids you lose from vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration shouldn't be a problem," adds Frischmann.

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Mayo Clinic Health System consists of clinics, hospitals and other health care facilities that serve the health care needs of people in 70 communities in Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin. The community-based providers, paired with the resources and expertise of Mayo Clinic, enable patients in the region to receive the highest-quality health care close to home.

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Many different viruses can cause stomach flu, including rotaviruses, adenoviruses, and the Norwalk virus. The body fluids of infected people contain the virus, sometimes even before their symptoms begin. The virus can be spread by direct contact with an infected person. For example, you might get it by kissing or shaking hands or by sharing food, drink, or eating utensils.

The virus inflames the stomach and intestine. When the stomach and intestine are inflamed, they don't work as well as they should. Food may move faster through your digestive tract.

What are the symptoms?

When you have stomach flu, you may have one or more of the following symptoms:

• nausea
• vomiting
• stomach cramps
• diarrhea
• mild fever
• tiredness
• chills
• loss of appetite
• muscle aches

The illness may develop over a period of hours, or it may suddenly start with stomach cramps, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Some bacteria, parasites, medicines, or other medical conditions can cause similar symptoms. If your symptoms are unusually severe or last longer than a few days, your healthcare provider can determine if the diarrhea is caused by something other than a virus.

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms. He or she will examine you. You may have lab tests to rule out more serious illnesses and to check for problems that can be caused by stomach flu, such as dehydration.

How is it treated?

The most important thing to do is to rest the stomach and intestine. You can do this by not eating solid food for a while and drinking only clear liquids. As your symptoms go away, you can start eating soft bland foods that are easy to digest.

If you have been vomiting a lot, it is best to have only small, frequent sips of liquids. Drinking too much at once, even an ounce or two, may cause more vomiting.

Your choice of liquids is important. If water is the only liquid you can drink without vomiting, that is OK. However, if you have been vomiting often or for a long time, you must replace the minerals, sodium and potassium, that are lost when you vomit. Ask your healthcare provider what sport drinks or other rehydration drinks could help you replace these minerals.

Other clear liquids you can drink are weak tea and apple juice. You may also drink soft drinks without caffeine (such as 7-UP) after letting them go flat (lose their carbonation). It may be easier to keep down liquids that are cold. Avoid liquids that are acidic (such as orange juice) or caffeinated (such as coffee) or have a lot of carbonation. Do not drink milk until you no longer have diarrhea.

You may start eating soft bland foods when you have not vomited for several hours and are able to drink clear liquids without further upset. Soda crackers, toast, plain noodles, gelatin, eggs, applesauce, and bananas are good first choices. Avoid foods that are acidic, spicy, fatty, or fibrous (such as meats, coarse grains, vegetables). Also avoid dairy products. You may start eating these foods again in 3 days or so, when all signs of illness have passed.

Sometimes treatment includes prescription medicine to prevent nausea and vomiting or diarrhea.

Nonprescription medicine is available for the treatment of diarrhea and can be very effective. If you use it, make sure you use only the dose recommended on the package. If you have chronic health problems, always check with your healthcare provider before you use any medicine for diarrhea.

How long do the effects last?

Stomach flu rarely lasts longer than 1 to 3 days. However, it may be 1 to 2 weeks before your bowel habits are completely back to normal.

Dehydration is a potentially serious complication of stomach flu. It can happen if your body loses too much fluid because you keep vomiting or having diarrhea. If you are severely dehydrated, you may need to be given fluids intravenously (IV). In children and older adults, dehydration can quickly become life threatening.

How can I take care of myself?

• Rest your stomach and intestines by following the suggested guidelines for your diet during the illness, but make sure you prevent dehydration by drinking enough liquids. Drink just small amounts or sips while you are having vomiting.
• Do not take aspirin, ibuprofen, or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDS) without checking first with your healthcare provider.
• Call your healthcare provider if:
  • Your symptoms are getting worse.
  • You keep having severe symptoms (vomiting or frequent diarrhea) for more than 1 or 2 days, or you are just not getting better after a few days.
  • You start having symptoms that are not usually caused by stomach flu, such as blood in your vomit, bloody diarrhea, or severe abdominal pain.

What can I do to help prevent stomach flu?

The single, most helpful way to prevent the spread of stomach flu is frequent, thorough hand washing. Also, avoid contact with the body fluids of an infected person, including saliva. Don't share food with someone who has stomach flu.

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