People who have impaired immune systems, including people with serious illnesses (like HIV/AIDS) that weaken the immune system or people taking drugs that suppress immunity (like after an organ transplant), are generally at a higher risk of developing complications from mono. Show Additionally, there are certain individuals who may be more likely to develop illnesses related to a mono infection. “Certain populations in Asia and Central America have an increased risk of cancers,” notes Dr. Balfour. (13,14) While doctors aren’t sure what may be behind this elevated risk for developing cancers related to mono, one theory suggests that something in the environment may be to blame, according to Balfour. (3,9,10) There is some evidence that genetics play a role in who is most likely to develop mono (out of those infected with EBV), but whether or not there’s a genetic explanation for who experiences complications from mono is a topic that needs further research. (11,15,16,17) Because certain types of lymphoma are caused by EBV, researchers are also currently exploring this connection to see if the link might help explain what makes certain people more likely to develop EBV complications. (3,4) If you’ve had mono before and are experiencing similar symptoms again, see your doctor to find out what may be causing your illness. You may be experiencing a recurrence of mono, complications that are related to EBV, or another health problem that has symptoms similar to those of mono, such as toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus infections, strep throat, or HIV. (2,18) Infectious mononucleosis (or mono) is a common contagious disease that may result in symptoms of profound fatigue or tiredness. If your fatigue doesn't go away, you might wonder if it has another cause, or whether you have chronic fatigue syndrome. Mono may be the sole cause or a contributor of persistent fatigue. But if you're not getting better, your healthcare provider may also want to consider sleep disorders such as sleep apnea.  Mononucleosis CausesMononucleosis is not a sleep disorder but it can cause fatigue that's just as debilitating. Mono is sometimes called the "kissing disease" due to its easy transmission via saliva, which means a lot of people catch it through a kiss or by personal contact, as well as sharing food and dishes. The condition is characterized by:
Most cases of mono are caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is quite common, eventually infecting between 90% and 95% of all adults. However, most people experience no symptoms of EBV. This virus is spread by personal contact. Mono can also be caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV). Mono infections are very common among teenagers and young adults, especially those living in close quarters, like in dormitories on college campuses. When Fatigue Doesn't ImproveFor most people, the symptoms of fatigue associated with mono will gradually resolve over a period of two weeks to a few months. In a minority of people, though, fatigue may still be present six months after the initial infection. In those cases, further evaluation may be necessary. If fatigue persists beyond six months, your healthcare provider may start to consider a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome, as EBV is theorized to be a possible cause of this disease. Though the relationship isn't fully understood, it may represent long-standing impacts of the initial infection. It may also be important to look at sleep disorders that can cause sleepiness and fatigue, including obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia. These common conditions often contribute to unrestful sleep. Because they require different treatment, they shouldn't be overlooked as having a possible role in ongoing symptoms. Depending on your specific symptoms, your healthcare provider may also test you for anemia and thyroid dysfunction. Depression and anxiety are also common causes of fatigue. Mononucleosis Doctor Discussion GuideGet our printable guide for your next healthcare provider's appointment to help you ask the right questions. Download PDF Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. A Word From VerywellIf you are struggling with debilitating fatigue or tiredness, talk to your healthcare provider and see what tests they recommend. Because fatigue has numerous possible causes, the diagnostic process can be long and frustrating. Remember that the end goal is identifying the cause of your fatigue so you can get the right treatment and get your life back on track. That's worth the wait. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Additional Reading By
Brandon Peters, MD Thanks for your feedback! Can mono cause lifelong fatigue?For most people, the symptoms of fatigue associated with mono will gradually resolve over a period of two weeks to a few months. In a minority of people, though, fatigue may still be present six months after the initial infection. In those cases, further evaluation may be necessary.
Does mononucleosis have long term effects?For most people, symptoms subside after two to four weeks, though you may feel lingering fatigue and tire more easily for up to two months after symptoms go away. (1,2) But beyond that, most of the time you won't experience longer-term effects of the illness.
What are the long term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome?People with ME/CFS have severe fatigue and sleep problems. ME/CFS may get worse after people with the illness try to do as much as they want or need to do. This symptom is called post-exertional malaise (PEM). Other symptoms can include problems with thinking and concentrating, pain, and dizziness.
Can fatigue from mono come back?Mono is a viral infection that causes symptoms like fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and a severe sore throat. These symptoms usually get better within two to four weeks. Sometimes, fatigue and other symptoms may continue for three to six months or more. It's incredibly rare for mono to return after the first infection.
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Long term effects of mononucleosis chronic fatigue syndrome
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